Gastroenterology and Liver

Functional GI Disorders: IBS and Beyond

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), especially Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), significantly affect patient quality of life and are a major burden on healthcare systems. Characterized by chronic abdominal discomfort, bloating, and altered bowel habits without structural abnormalities, FGIDs are now understood to involve gut-brain axis dysregulation, altered motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and microbiome imbalance. This session delves into advances in diagnosing and managing IBS and related conditions like functional dyspepsia and functional constipation. While diagnosis remains clinical, enhanced criteria (e.g., Rome IV) and biomarkers like gut peptides and microbial signatures are being explored. Treatment strategies are evolving with the use of probiotics, low FODMAP diets, behavioral therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and novel agents such as gut-specific serotonin modulators and bile acid sequestrants. The session also highlights the importance of patient-centered care, psychological assessment, and lifestyle interventions in improving long-term outcomes. Integrating personalized approaches is key to managing these often misunderstood conditions.